Main Issues surrounding women in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Main Issues surrounding women in Sports - Essay Example However, there is also a belief that these screwed up views of female athletes are actually coming to an end in the 21.st century. One of the main issues that surround these female athletes is the way that these athletes are portrayed as sex objects instead of athletes in the media. The athletes prowess in the sport is often swept under the rug because they would rather present the women in an ambivalent light. Thereby not threatening the male athlete counterpart in terms of game knowledge and skill. If possible, these women are pictured as the girl next door or hyper-heterosexual in order to reinforce the traditional female roles of daughter, girlfriend, wife, and mother. But of all of these presentations, the worst two have to be the sexy babe and soft- porn images as depicted in the cover and article photo layouts in sports magazines. There is only one reason as to why the female sports players are presented in this manner and it has everything to do with gender equality and sexual orientation dynamics. For centuries, women have been viewed as the weaker sex and therefore, the second class citizens in their countries. Their influence in society is often limited by economic, social, and political institutions thereby suppressing the media images of women that do not depict them in anything more than feminine or sexual. The need to present women in a non-threatening manner to men (non-sports activity related) is the medias way of assuring those who may be affected by the female athletes success, that a woman can be athletic and excel in her sport of choice and yet remain traditional and fulfill her obligations as expected by society when not actively participating in her sport. Another problem faced by female athletes in their media portrayal is related to the nouns used to describe their mindset while in competition. Whereas men are introduced as young men or young men in order to

Institutional Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Institutional Investment - Essay Example The discussion will, however, start by providing background information on the two plans. These plans are abstractly simpler and involve the employer (and in some cases the employee) making regular contributions to the retirement account of the employee. The amount of contributions is predetermined, usually a specified fraction of the salary. This fraction is, however, subject to alterations in the course of the employee’s career. In this plan, the both contributions are tax-deductible although the investment income accumulates tax-free. In most cases, the employee decides on his/her choice of account investment. This may include investing in stock markets, bonds or any security that pleases them. At retirement, the employee can either receive an annuity or a lump sum, and the size of this money depends on the value of the accumulated funds in the employee’s retirement account (Poterba et al., 2007). The employee bears the risk of their investment and thus the employer has no any extra obligation beyond contributing to their employee’s retirement pla n account. The valuation of defined contribution plans is simple and involves measuring the market value of the assets created in the retirement account. In most cases, the employee is guided in their personal financial planning by their defined contributions plan’s sponsor (Clark 1999). Unlike the defined contributions plan which focuses more on the value of retirement account’s created assets, defined benefits plan focuses on the flow of benefits received by the employee at retirement. Typically, a defined benefits plan uses the employee’s wage history and the years of service as the determinants of the value of the benefit (Huberman, Iyengar & Jiang 2007). Upon retirement, the employee receives a defined monthly amount that is guaranteed for their life and that of their spouse. In some cases, the plan allows room